Archive for the ‘language’ Category

Morphological v. Semantic Parsing and Databases

Monday, February 22nd, 2010

I proposed an initial Django model for storing Greek parsing data in the Open Scriptures mailing list and it has generated a good amount of discussion. The central question is whether we should follow traditional yet problematic morphological parsing paradigm, or whether we should seek to implement a semantic paradigm. Mike Aubrey has written some good posts on the problems with the traditional paradigm (e.g. Robertson on the middle and passive voice).

Luckily with Django we can have an arbitrary number of parsing models for any given word. So from a technical standpoint, it is not a question of which model, so long as that model can be sensibly reduced to database fields.

From a grammatical point of view, I have mixed feelings. I think that there are some real problems with the traditional system, especially in terms of its terminology and treatment of “tense” and voice. I think there is some value in purely morphological descriptions (especially insofar as they provide an objective description of the word), but that should not be the end-all of understanding a word. And I tend to agree  that the introduction of a new technology paradigm (i.e. the Open Scriptures API) may be a good time to introduce new parsing paradigms.

Still, most people who have learned Greek are rooted in the traditional paradigm, so Open Scriptures should contain parsing information they can understand. Also, there are many existing datasets using the traditional paradigm which we would like to import and utilize. So I think it best for Open Scriptures to be able to store the morphological parsings (though not to the exclusion of other paradigms). It was suggested that we might be able to provide an automated mapping between different paradigms. Assuming there is a consistent correlation between the two schemes, that should not be overly difficult. If not, someone will need to generate a new database of parsings, and that will be no small task.

Update: It turns out that Django dervied classes are not the answer to this problem. I’ll elaborate later.

More good stuff on the internet

Sunday, February 21st, 2010

You should check these out:

Go forth, and make use of the better parts of the internet!

Hexapla

Monday, February 15th, 2010

Today I discovered a very interesting project: The Hexapla Institute.

The purpose of the Hexapla Institute is to publish a new critical edition of the fragments of Origen’s Hexapla, an endeavor which might be described as, “A Field for the 21st Century” to be available in a print edition and as an online database.

In other  words, it’s about the coolest project I’ve ever heard of. Sadly the website seems a bit out of date, so I’m not sure how/if the project is progressing at this point.

Grammar and the machine (links)

Monday, February 1st, 2010

From around the internet:

The last two are thanks to Jesus Radicals. There is of course some irony in blogging about an online video containing a critique of technology.

Vocabulary Analysis

Monday, November 23rd, 2009

While reading Ehrman’s Jesus, Interrupted I got the idea to look in to vocabulary studies. You know, the ones where linguists catalog all the words used by a particular author and use the data to compare various works by (or purportedly by) that author. Does anyone know of a publication which lays out the basic methodology for doing this? I might try to write a script to help with the first step. I’m also interested in applying these methodologies outside of the biblical texts to see what they might yield. For example, how much does the vocabulary base of authors change across genre, time, etc.? I’ve never read anything which attempts such a study.

Midwest Informant

Sunday, August 16th, 2009

An anecdote of gender-neural idiom in the mouth of my aunt from Indiana:

So-and-so called to let us know that their husband got a job.

Notice how she used the generic “their” pronoun even though the person was obviously female in context (“husband”).

Committee Translations

Tuesday, August 11th, 2009

All of the principle translations of the Bible into English are done by translation committees. There are some notable exceptions, of course, including the Message, the Living Bible, Weymouth, Philips, etc. However, these are considered secondary due to their being completed by an individual. Moreover, I have sensed a general sentiment that such translations by individuals are not considered as trustworthy as committee translations because it is thought that personal bias would be allowed to shine through in an individual’s work. A committee is also useful for imposing a standard style on a work which is actually composed by many different scholars. I am sure there are more reasons for the committee trend.

What I began noticing in college is that committee translations are pretty rare outside of the Bible (I cannot think of one off the top of my head). Instead, translations are typically done by an individual or small team. This is the case for works of antiquity, textbooks, novels, etc. Why is it that committees are so common for biblical translation but so uncommon for everything else? Is the quality of the end product affected by the decision to use a committee or not?

Gender Inclusivity

Monday, August 10th, 2009

Craig Carter and I are having a discussion about gender-inclusive language in Bible translations. To summarize: Craig thinks that translators who use gender-inclusive language are doing so for invalid ideological (namely feminist) purposes; I think such translators are doing their best to produce an accurate, contemporary translation into the ever-changing English language.

I have absolutely no evidence available to argue that the generic/inclusive masculine in English is falling out of style, so I am not sure how necessary gender-inclusive language is for modern English translations. My anecdotal experience tells me that gender inclusive language is becoming necessary. Craig’s anecdotal experience tells him just the opposite. In other words, we have reached an impasse. Does anyone have statistical evidence on this matter?

Inaccessible Scholarship

Monday, August 10th, 2009

A while back Mike Aubrey brought up the plight of Buist Fanning’s Verbal Aspect of New Testament Greek: It is $240 per copy. That effectively makes it out of reach for everyone but libraries and the richest scholars. The reason it is so expensive is because it is published only as hardback and printed only on-demand. Aubrey has initiated a letter-writing campaign to get the work published in a more affordable form (paperback, or perhaps electronic). This is, of course, a laudible goal, because this work is very important for New Testament scholarship.

I would take it a step further, though. It seems that Fanning is not at liberty to take his work to another publisher (I am sure many presses would be quite interested in his book). The reason for this is apparently the licensing terms which Oxford University places on its doctoral candidates’ dissertations and monographs. I think this stands as an important warning for Christian scholars: If you want your work to be beneficial to others, you need to be careful about licensing terms.

Desire of women

Saturday, May 30th, 2009

A friend pointed me to a recent article in a Wasilla, Alaska newspaper entitled “Will the antichrist be a homosexual?” Ron Hamman writes:

But will the Antichrist be a homosexual? Having seen what the Bible says of sodomy, we have no further to look than the book of Daniel, chapter 11 to find our answer. It says, “Neither shall he [Antichrist] regard… the desire of women….” As I said at the onset, I am not the first to draw attention to this, but the verbiage is clear.

As it turns out, the verbiage is not so clear. Consider this survey of translations of Daniel 11:37:

  • NASB: He will show no regard for the gods of his fathers or for the desire of women, nor will he show regard for any other god;
  • NIV: He will show no regard for the gods of his fathers or for the one desired by women, nor will he regard any god,
  • NLT: He will have no respect for the gods of his ancestors, or for the god loved by women, or for any other god,
  • ESV: He shall pay no attention to the gods of his fathers, or to the one beloved by women. He shall not pay attention to any other god,
  • KJV: Neither shall he regard the God of his fathers, nor the desire of women, nor regard any god:

It seems that “desire of women” is not referring to sexual desire (whom he desires) but to a god (whom the women desire). This also fits the context better, where both the preceding and following thoughts pertain to deity. Perhaps this is a case where a misunderstanding of an english translation leads to interpretive problems. Here is a good example of the value of the synoptic study of different english translations.

Thesis First Draft Complete

Saturday, February 28th, 2009

I have completed the first draft of my thesis Short Goliath, which is an examination in the textual discrepency between the Hebrew Masoretic Text and the Old Greek (a.k.a. Septuagint) accounts of the story of David and Goliath.  This feels really good, because it has been a long time coming, including a break from working on it for most of last semester.  Now I will start the revision process, which will be fairly involved.  The final draft is due the first week of April.  Once I have the paper in a form I like, I will be posting it here under a Creative Commons license.

Here are some gory details:

  • 83 pages
  • 23,656 words
  • File saved: 477 times
  • Total edit time: over 45 hours (just on this one document – doesn’t even come close to total time committed)
  • File created: April 22, 2008

W00t!

The mighty sling of David

Friday, September 26th, 2008

The Old Greek version of the story of David and Goliath has a rather interesting addition (in bold below):

And Dauid stretched out his hand into the bag and took out from there one stone and slung it and struck the allophyle on his forehead, and the stone penetrated through the helmet into his forehead, and he fell on his face on the ground. (NETS)

Now that is one hard slung rock!

A New English Translation of the Septuagint

Saturday, September 6th, 2008

Finally!  My copy of A New English Translation of the Septuagint (NETS) has arrived!  It will be an invaluable part of my thesis research.  Moreover, it is a needed addition to any Biblical scholar’s library.  It has very good introductions to each book or section.  NETS is meant to be the sibling to the NRSV (it reads the same when the Greek allows), so it makes comparative studies very easy.  To say the least, I am excited.

Christ Suffering

Tuesday, July 29th, 2008

Via Annis at TextKit I found Χριστος Πασχων, which is the Passion adapted to a Greek tragedy, complete with chorus.  It is available for free as a Google book.  I believe I will work my way through this one as a challenge.  An interesting side note: its authorship was falsely attributed to Gregory of Nazianzus.

Free Greek New Testament audio

Friday, June 8th, 2007

I found free audio recordings of the Greek New Testament via TextKit. Now I have something extremely nerdy and helpful to listen to on my iPod.